Ryerson University - Chang CE
Department of History
Mon & Wed: 1:00 - 4:00PM (KHE225)
Instructor:
Dr.
Peter Vronsky (Wronski)
Email :
pwronsky@ryerson.ca
When contacting me by
e-mail always include your course code CHST504 in you subject line or your
e-mail will be automatically deleted. E-mails take approximately 72 hours to process, not
including weekends and Mondays.
In accordance with
Policy 157, only Ryerson e-mail accounts are to be used for
communication between faculty and students.
Course website: www.petervronsky.com/HST540
COURSE DESCRIPTION
/ OBJECTIVE:
This course examines the evolution of intelligence services throughout the twentieth century, with particular reference to the two world wars, technological changes, and the Cold War confrontation after 1945. The focus in the first part will be on British, German, and Imperial Russian intelligence, before we turn towards the development of services in the United States and the Soviet Union. The development of services in other countries, such as Israel, China, and Canada will also be addressed. The course will survey the role that intelligence played in securing Allied victory during World War Two and in crucial Cold War events like the arms race, Cuban Missile Crisis and Vietnam War. Theoretical principles of intelligence gathering and assessment will be introduced and explored as will the portrayal of espionage in popular culture. The course will conclude with an examination of the challenges intelligence services face today, and the changing nature of spying in the post Cold War and post-911 eras.
The objectives of
this course are: 1. To examine
espionage in its contemporary setting and to establish a factual framework for
its history; 2. To understand the relationship between espionage and the conduct
of foreign and domestic policy; 3. To improve your ability to think critically
and to analyse data by undertaking the kind of research required for an upper
level university essay or a professional or academic report or publication and
to write and present it clearly and effectively.
(Upper-level
liberal studies elective)
WARNING:
Lectures may feature graphic images that some may find disturbing.
TEXT:
Jeffrey T. Richelson, A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the 20th Century,
(New York: Oxford University Press,
1995. (available at the Ryerson
bookstore) and downloadable seminar readings as assigned.
METHOD OF STUDENT
EVALUATION:
|
Essay Proposal (250
words): Mid-Term Test: Essay (2500 words): Final Exam: |
20%
20% 30% 30% |
Mon July 9 Mon July 16 Wed Aug 1 Mon Aug 13 |
All written, essay and exam course requirements must be completed and submitted in order to pass the course.
METHOD OF
INSTRUCTION:
Lecture & Seminar
LECTURE TOPICS AND READINGS
(tentative and subject to change):
·
Espionage in the First World War 1914-1918 (chapters 2-3)
·
Espionage in the inter-war period 1918-1939 (chapters 4-6)
·
Espionage in the Second World War 1939-1945 (chapters 7-12)
·
Espionage in the Cold War 1946-1991 (chapters 13-18, 20-25)
·
Covert Operations –
·
Espionage and Canada 1860 - 2008
·
Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism 1860-2008
·
The Future of Intelligence and Espionage
(chapter 26)
Additional readings will consist of academic journal articles on JSTOR, Academic
Premier, MUSE, etc., which you can access
online through the
Ryerson Library internet portal:
https://library.cf.ryerson.ca/guides/view/?guide=501#tabs-501-101
ESSAY ASSIGNMENTS (READ CAREFULLY)
There are two parts to the essay assignment: the outline and the essay.
Part 1: An Essay Proposal (20%)
The proposal should consist of one double-spaced page with a description of your
proposed essay, an argument if you have one and/or your approach to the subject
and its significance to the course if not immediately evident.
(Approximately 250 words.)
A one or two page annotated bibliography
of six sources
at least should accompany the essay description. This should consist of the author, title, publisher,
city, and year of publication of the book, journal article, or other source and
a short commentary on what the source
offers to your essay.
Outlines submitted with no annotations to the bibliography will be heavily
penalized. Sources should be current
academic monographs or academic journal articles -- not popular works like
Time-Life Books, Complete Idiot’s or Dummies Guides, Colliers Children’s
Encyclopedia, Encarta, Wikipedia, Historyplace.com, etc. Journalistic works with
citations are acceptable. In general, if your source does not provide
detailed references in the form of footnotes, endnotes or specific
page references, it is unsuitable as a source, however, due to the fluid and
often clandestine-classified nature of
intelligence and espionage, under certain circumstances journalistic sources may
be accepted.
If you intend to include websites, provide their URLs in the proposal for
approval.
You will be assessed on the uniqueness of your topic and on the depth, currency
and academic quality of your sources. The use of academic journal
articles, many of which are available online through the Ryerson Library is
highly encouraged. If you are not familiar with academic article databases
like JSTOR and Project Muse, go (run!) immediately to a librarian at the Ryerson
Library and ask them to show you how to use these databases. You can
access them from home and many (but not all) articles are available for
downloading in full text. A link on the course website also provides you an
introduction as to how to enter the online journal interface.
You may at any time after submitting a proposal, change your approach, your sources, and even completely change your essay topic without submitting a new proposal but I strongly suggest to check with me first on topic changes.
POSSIBLE ESPIONAGE ESSAY TOPICS
(You may submit for approval a topic of your own)
Part 2: The
Essay (30%)
Essays should be 2,500 words in length (approximately 10-12 pages not including
your title page and bibliography and appendix if any.)
Standard 12 pt font, cursive or
non-cursive, double spaced text, standard 2.5 cm margins, 11” X 8 ½” paper.
Pages must be stapled (no
binders or paperclips), paginated, and submitted with a cover page containing no
art or decorative elements. The
cover page must have: your name,
student number, course number, and essay title.
Essays not conforming to these
standards will not be accepted and late penalties will be imposed until the
essay is resubmitted in the required format.
Essays must be based on a minimum of six sources (not including course
texts but seminar readings are acceptable), and
should not include,
encyclopedias, textbooks, or general or popular histories, or unapproved
websites, (2 marks deducted for every Wikipedia or like citation) etc.,
as described above in Part 1.
Paragraphs are to be indented without any additional spaces between paragraphs,
unlike in this course outline, for example.
Any relevant images, maps, graphs included in the essay are to be placed
into an Appendix at the back.
The essay should have a single descriptive title or a creative title
with a descriptive subtitle. For
example:
Generals in Blue:
Lives of the Union Commanders or
The Architect of Genocide:
Himmler and the Final Solution, etc.
“History Essay” is not a title.
Marks will be deducted for essays submitted without a title and/or title
page.
Any paper not conforming to the above standards will be heavily
penalized.
Citations
A history essay is like a courtroom argument—it is based on the presentation of
evidence conforming to rules of evidence in an expositive argument.
The way hearsay is not admissible in court, Wikipedia for example, is
likewise not admissible as evidence in historical discourse.
Just as court evidence is presented in a disciplined system:
Exhibit A, Exhibit B, Exhibit C, etc,
in the historical argument, the Chicago
Style footnoted citation is used to lead and guide the reader through the
evidence behind the persuasive discourse of the text above.
Some of the journal readings for seminars will have been pointed out to you as
appropriate models for the citation style required for your essay.
Essays must have a bibliography and have footnoted
citations in the Chicago style (at the bottom of the page).
Parenthetic in-text or inline style citations are unacceptable for a
history essay.
A well
researched essay integrating multiple sources into its argument contains on
average five to six citations per page -- approximately 50 to 70 citations per
essay.
As a general rule, references should be given for direct quotations, summaries
or your own paraphrases of other people's work or points of view, and for
material that is factual, statistical, controversial, assertive or obscure.
You must cite more than just direct quotes. WHEN IN DOUBT, IT IS
BETTER TO PROVIDE A REFERENCE. You
do not need to cite items of general knowledge like, for example:
the sun rises in the east or Elizabeth II is the Queen of England.
Essays that do not provide specific page references in each citation will be automatically failed without an opportunity to resubmit. Go to these links below for a guide to the required citation format:
Basically, the first citation of a source should have the full bibliographical
data in it, while in subsequent references to that source, just the name of the
author and page number(s) will suffice.
(If more than one source by the same author is used, then include the
title as well.) This is an example of the basic required style for citations
which are to inserted at the bottom of each page:
1 Jane Doe, The ABC's of History
(Toronto: Ontario Publishers, 1997), pp. 20-21
2 Jane Doe, p. 43
To create numerically sequential footnotes in MS WORD 2007 go to the
“References” ribbon and select [Insert Footnote]; in earlier version of MS
WORD, go to the “Insert” menu and then select [Footnote].
The citations should be formatted to “Arabic numerals (1,2,3, etc.)”
Titles of books are to be put into
italics or underlined. Journal article titles are put in “quotation
marks” while the journal titles are in
italics or underlined.
See the below webpages for further details and formats as to how to cite
journals, multiple authors, collections, etc. or search “Chicago style
footnotes” on Google.]
Essay Style and Footnote Examples
http://www.okanagan.bc.ca/Assets/Departments+(Administration)/Library/PDFs/chicago.pdf
Chicago Manual of Style
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html
Chicago Manual Of Style
http://www.msvu.ca/site/media/msvu/StyleGuideChicago(1).pdf
See Also
http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/p04_c10_s1.html
http://www.douglascollege.ca/library/chicago.html
Bibliographies
Essays MUST provide alphabetically
ordered by author’s surname, bibliographies of all works consulted, whether or
not they have been quoted directly in the citations. An adequate bibliography
for this assignment will contain no less
than six books or journal articles related to the topic. General
books, dictionaries, atlases, textbooks and/or encyclopedias DO NOT count
towards this minimum number of sources, and their inclusion in citations will
NOT be considered as constituting research.
Seminar readings are acceptable as citable sources.
An example of a bibliographic entry is as follows:
Smith, John. History of Canada
(Toronto: Ontario Publishers, 1997).
Helpful Websites on How to Write History Essays
The History Student's Handbook on Essay
http://hist.ucalgary.ca/macmillk/sites/hist.ucalgary.ca.macmillk/files/Handbook.pdf
How To Write A Good History Essay
http://www.lancs.ac.uk/staff/haywardp/hist213/writing.htm
What is A Good Essay
http://history.berkeley.edu/faculty/Brilliant/Keys%20to%20a%20Good%20Essay.pdf
How To Write History Essays
http://historyprofessor.org/organization/how-to-write-an-essay/
History Essay
http://coun.uvic.ca/learning/exams/history-essays.html
History Essay Guide
http://www.history.uottawa.ca/pdf/history_essay_guide.pdf
Submission of Essays
Essays are to be submitted to the instructor
on
the due date in lecture in hardcopy with pages stapled together.
Electronic Submission of Essays
If you find it necessary to submit an essay by e-mail, the following file naming
protocol is to be used in the subject line:
"Last Name_First Name_CourseNumber_Assignment Title"
Any attached file not using this exact naming protocol will be automatically
rejected and late penalties will accrue until submitted in the required format.
Only MS Word files (preferred) in .doc or .docx format or PDF files
will be accepted.
A hard copy of the essay is to be submitted in lecture at the next opportunity.
Indicate on the front of the hardcopy the date you had e-mailed the essay
to me previously. The e-mailed essay
will secure your submission date.
Obviously the hard copy is to be exactly identical with the e-mailed copy.
Hard copies of previously e-mailed essays not indicating the e-mail date
on the cover will be assigned the date of the submission of the hard copy with
no appeal.
Late Penalties and Extensions
Extensions may be granted on medical or compassionate grounds. Students requesting an
extension should submit an e-mailed request to me before the deadline
specifying precisely the date to which they are requesting the extension.
After the due date, students need to provide appropriate documentation
relating to the extension request (i.e. doctor’s note, death certificate of
relative, police report on their stolen laptop, repair bills for their crashed
hard disc, veterinary reports on the contents of dead Fluffy ’s stomach, etc).
Essays submitted under an extension must have my written response to the
extension request attached to the
front of the essay. E-mailed
submissions are to be attached as a ‘reply’ to my earlier response to the
extension request. Submissions
without my extension approval attached to their front will be penalized as late
with no opportunity of appeal afterward.
No outstanding assignments including the scheduling of missed midterms
will be accepted after the last day of lecture or extensions granted beyond the
last day of lectures, (i.e.. the last lecture day before
the exam day.)
Three (3) marks per/day are deducted from your final essay mark for late submissions, weekends included, until the day the essay is submitted to me. If I do not acknowledge the receipt of your e-mailed essay within a few days, it is your responsibility to ensure I have received it. Keep copies of all work, including marked assignments returned to you and e-mails of your submissions until your final course mark is released. Re-submissions of earlier e-mailed essays "lost" in transmission, should such an unlikely scenario occur, will only be accepted in the form of a forwarded copy of the original e-mail. There are no exceptions to this. Outstanding assignments will not be accepted after the last day of lecture.
Earning Marks
The evaluation of your research, content, evidence, originality and
argumentation is of primary concern in marking as is the quality of your sources
as described above. Equally important is the syntax, style and structure of your
work. Marks will be deducted from work containing excessive grammatical/spelling
mistakes, typographical errors, from work that is excessively long or
inadequately short, or which fails to provide properly formatted
footnoting/bibliography. Essays that consist of a frequently quoted passages or
sentences, even if footnoted, will be severely penalized.
Be selective in direct quotations.
Ask yourself, “can this be said in my own words and then cited?” Is there
a stylistic or argumentative reason for quoting the source directly? Be sure to
edit and check your work carefully. Do not simply rely on your computer’s
spelling or grammar checker.
Grounds for Assignment Failure
Essays which do not supply proper and adequate references and bibliographies as
described herein or submitted after the final day of lecture will be failed.
Essays based entirely on websites without the instructor’s permission,
will be failed. Any written work
that quotes directly from other material without attribution, or which
paraphrases extensive tracts from the works of others,
or is written by somebody else in part or in whole without attribution,
is plagiarized and will be failed with no opportunity to re-submit and
may
result in additional severe academic consequences. Please consult the Ryerson
academic calendar for further information on plagiarism. If you have any
questions or doubts about how to cite material, please feel free to contact me.
Essays that do not provide specific page references in each and every citation
will be automatically failed without an opportunity to resubmit.
Go to the
above
links for a guide to the required citation format.
No outstanding assignments or bookings for missed midterm
exams will be accepted after the last day of lectures for the course.
Missed Classes and/or Evaluations
Students are required to inform their
instructors of any situation which arises during the semester which may have an
adverse effect upon their academic performance, and must request any
considerations and accommodations according to the relevant policies and well in
advance.
Failure to do so will
jeopardize any academic appeals.
Medical certificates
– If a
student misses the deadline for submitting an assignment, or the date of an
exam or other evaluation component because of illness, he or she must submit
a Ryerson Student Medical Certificate AND an Academic Consideration form
within 3 working days of the missed date.
Both documents are available at
www.ryerson.ca/senate/forms/medical.pdf.
If you are a full-time or part-time degree student, then you submit your
forms to your own program department or school. If you are a certificate or
non-certificate student, then you submit your forms to the staff at the
front desk of the Chang School.
Upon receiving a confirmation of acceptance from their
program department the student will
immediately schedule their missed make-up
midterm exam or final exam through
the Student Learning Services (not the Chang School) via this URL:
http://www.ryerson.ca/studentlearningsupport/test-centre/index.html
Religious observance
– If a student needs accommodation because of religious observance, he or
she must submit a Request for Accommodation of Student Religious, Aboriginal
and Spiritual Observance AND an Academic Consideration form within the first
2 weeks of the class or, for a final examination, within 2 weeks of the
posting of the examination schedule.
If the required absence occurs within the first 2
weeks of classes, or the dates are not known well in advance as they are
linked to other conditions, these forms should be submitted with as much
lead time as possible in advance of the required absence.
Both documents are available at
http://www.ryerson.ca/senate/forms/relobservforminstr.pdf.
If you are a full-time or part-time degree student, then you submit
the forms to your own program department or school.
If you are a certificate or non-certificate student, then you submit
the forms to the staff at the front desk of the Chang School.
Students who need academic accommodation support should register with the Academic Accommodation Support office (formerly called the Access Centre). Before the first graded work is due, registered students should inform their instructors through an “Accommodation Form for Professors” that they are registered with Academic Accommodation Support and what accommodations are required.
Academic Integrity and Plagiarism
Ryerson’s Policy 60 (now called the
Academic Integrity policy) applies to
all students at the University.
The
policy and its procedures are triggered in the event that the there is a
suspicion that a student has engaged in a form of academic misconduct.
Forms of academic misconduct include
plagiarism, cheating, supplying false information to the University, and other
acts.
The most common form of
academic misconduct is plagiarism.
Plagiarism is a serious academic offence and penalties can be severe.
In any academic exercise, plagiarism occurs when one offers as one’s own
work the words, data, ideas, arguments, calculations, designs or productions of
another without appropriate attribution or when one allows one’s work to be
copied.
Students are advised that
suspicions of academic misconduct may be referred to the Academic Integrity
Office (AIO).
Students who are found
to have committed academic misconduct will have a Disciplinary Notation (DN)
placed on their academic record (not on their transcript) and will be assigned
one or more of the following penalties:
·
A grade
reduction for the work, include a grade of zero for the work.
·
A grade
reduction in the course greater than a zero on the work.
(Note that this penalty can only be applied to course components worth
10% or less, that any additional penalty cannot exceed 10% of the final course
grade, and that information explaining that such a penalty will be assigned must
be included on the course outline.)
·
An F in the
course
·
More serious
penalties up to and including expulsion from the University
For more detailed information on these issues, please refer to the full online text for the Academic Integrity policy and to the Academic Integrity website.
Student Code of Academic Conduct
The Ryerson Student Code of Academic Conduct defines academic misconduct, the processes the University will follow when academic misconduct is suspected, and the consequences that can be imposed if students are found to be guilty of misconduct. Further information is also available at www.ryerson.ca/academicintegrity .
Academic misconduct includes:
plagiarism (claiming words, ideas, artistry, drawings or data of another person as your own, including submitting your own work in whole or in part in more than one course) including one's own assignments completed in other courses and submitted to this current course without the instructor's permission
cheating
misrepresentation of personal identity or performance
submission of false information
contributing to academic misconduct
damaging, tampering, or interfering with the scholarly environment
unauthorized copying or use of copyrighted materials
violations of departmental policies on professional behavior and/or course requirements
Important Resources Available at Ryerson
Use the services of the University when you are having problems writing, editing or researching papers, or when you need help with course material:
The Library (LIB 2nd floor) provides research workshops and individual assistance. Enquire at the Reference Desk or at www.ryerson.ca/library/info/workshops.html
The Writing Centre (LIB 272- B) offers one-on-one tutorial help with writing and workshops www.ryerson.ca/writingcentre/workshops.htm
Learning Success (VIC B-15) offers individual sessions and workshops covering various aspects of researching, writing, and studying. You must book these directly through their website http://www.ryerson.ca/studentservices/learningsuccess/
English Language Support (VIC B-17) offers workshops to improve overall communication skills www.ryerson.ca/studentservices/els/
There is one general site where you may see and register for all of the workshops offered by all of these areas: http://www.ryerson.ca/academicintegrity/workshops.html
Grounds for Failure:
The incompletion of the essay requirement or exam requirement will result
in failure regardless of your standing in the completed requirements.
Essays which do not supply proper and adequate citations indicating
precise page references and bibliographies
will be failed. Essays will not
be accepted after the last day of lecture without prior arrangement. Any written
work that quotes directly from other material without attribution, or which
paraphrases extensive tracts from the works of others, is plagiarised. It will
receive no marks and there will be no
chance to resubmit. Please consult the
Ryerson academic calendar for further information on plagiarism. If you have
any questions or doubts about how to cite material, please feel free to contact
me.
Plagiarism:
Plagiarism is a form of intellectual dishonesty in which someone
attempts to claim the work of others as their own. Work which has been
researched and/or written by others, such as an essay-writing agency, internet
service, friend, or family member is NOT
acceptable. The submission of such work is one form of plagiarism, and it will
be dealt with accordingly as academic misconduct. Quoting directly or indirectly
from research sources without proper attribution is also plagiarism, and it will
also constitute an academic misconduct. The Faculty of Arts policy on plagiarism
will be strictly enforced in this course; resulting in a grade of zero for the
assignment, a report to the Registrar and the programme department of the
student, and possibly other academic penalties. A second violation of the Code
of Academic Conduct on a student’s record will result in a recommendation of
suspension or expulsion.
For additional help, Ryerson now offers the Academic Integrity Website at http://www.ryerson.ca/academicintegrity/
This offers students a variety of resources to assist
in their research, writing, and presentation of all kinds of assignments. It
also details all dimensions of Academic Misconduct and how to avoid it. It was
put together by a team representing the Vice President Academic, faculty, the
library, Digital Media Projects, and Student Services.
The policy is available in its entirety at
www.ryerson.ca/acadcouncil and at
www.ryerson.ca/rr and in the Student Guide.
Ryerson University is committed to promoting academic success and to ensuring
that students’ academic records ultimately reflect their academic abilities and
accomplishments. The University expects that academic judgments by its faculty
will be fair, consistent and objective, and recognizes the need to grant
academic consideration, where appropriate, in order to support students who face
personal difficulties or events. It is also expected that students will deal
with issues which may affect academic performance as soon as they arise. It
should be understood that students can only receive grades which reflect their
knowledge of the course material.
Students should refer to the Student Guide and to the Academic Council and
Records and Registration web sites for detailed information on the various types
of academic consideration that may be requested; necessary documents such as
appeal forms, medical certificates and forms for religious accommodation; and
procedural instructions. Information is also available from the Departments and
Schools, Dean’s Offices and the Secretary of Academic Council.
Students are responsible for reviewing all pertinent information prior to the
submission of a formal academic appeal. Incomplete appeals will not be accepted.
Students are responsible for ensuring that a formal appeal is submitted by the
deadline dates published in the calendar, and must adhere to the timelines
established in the policy.
Important Resources available on campus:
Use the services of the University when you are having problems writing, editing
or researching papers, or when you need help with course material:
o
The Library (LIB 2nd floor)
provides research workshops and individual assistance. Enquire at the Reference
Desk or at
www.ryerson.ca/library/info/workshops.html
o
The Writing Centre (LIB 272- B) offers
one-on-one tutorial help with writing and workshops
www.ryerson.ca/writingcentre/workshops.htm
o
Learning Success Centre (VIC B-15) offers individual
sessions and workshops covering various aspects of researching, writing, and
studying
www.ryerson.ca/studentservices/learningsuccess/seminars/
o
English Language Support (VIC B-17) offers workshops
to improve overall communication skills
www.ryerson.ca/studentservices/els/
There is one general site where you may see and register for all of the workshops offered by all of these areas: http://www.ryerson.ca/academicintegrity/workshops.html